{"abbreviations":{},"aggregated_contexts":{},"claims":[],"contexts":[],"equations":[],"facts":["This hypothesis holds that juvenility serves to provide young individuals","gradual decrease in the frequency of less effective immature behavioural patterns are consistent with the \u2018needing-to-learn hypothesis"],"findings":["Testing the \u201cneeding\u2011to\u2011learn\u201d hypothesis in juvenile male Japanese macaques, researchers found that as males aged from one to three years they increasingly used demonstrative sexual solicitations, performed more frequent and adult\u2011typical mounts (especially the double foot\u2011clasp posture), reduced ineffective mounting behaviors, and shifted their sexual mounting toward adult females, indicating a gradual, practice\u2011driven acquisition of adult\u2011like sexual behavior and partner choice."],"headline":"We tested the \u2018needing-to-learn hypothesis\u2019 in the development of sexual behaviours in the immature male Japanese macaques of Arashiyama, Japan. This hypothesis holds that juvenility serves to provide young individuals with a period in which to practice adult male-like sexual and socio-sexual behaviours and partner choice","key_statements":["We tested the \u2018needing-to-learn hypothesis\u2019 in the development of sexual behaviours in the immature male Japanese macaques of Arashiyama, Japan. This hypothesis holds that juvenility serves to provide young individuals with a period in which to practice adult male-like sexual and socio-sexual behaviours and partner choice","Our cross-sectional focal data on mounting behaviour and partner choice in juvenile males (1\u20133 years) supported most of our predictions: (1) as they became older and learnt more effective patterns of sexual solicitations, juvenile males performed more demonstrative solicitations and less non-demonstrative solicitations, (2) the frequency of mounts performed by juvenile males increased with age and converged on a frequency of mounts typical of adult males, (3) the frequency of mounts reflecting underachievement decreased as juvenile males became older, (4) the double foot-clasp mounting posture became gradually more common in juvenile males over time, while other mounting postures became less common and (5) from two to three years old, the frequency of males\u2019 sexual mounts directed to adult females increased. Such timelines of gradual increase in the frequency of effective adult-like behavioural patterns and gradual decrease in the frequency of less effective immature behavioural patterns are consistent with the \u2018needing-to-learn hypothesis\u2019 emphasizing the role of age and practice in the progressive acquisition of adult-like sexual behaviour, mounting skills, and partner age choice during male juvenility"],"keyword_relevance":{},"keywords":["adult male","sexual behavioural","non conceptive","male japanese macaque","behavioural pattern","partner choice","conceptive sexual","juvenile male","socio sexual behaviour","mature individual"],"metadata":{"abstract":"The emergence of conceptive and non-conceptive sexual behaviours in mature individuals can be traced back to immature socio-sexual behavioural patterns. We tested the \u2018needing-to-learn hypothesis\u2019 in the development of sexual behaviours in the immature male Japanese macaques of Arashiyama, Japan. This hypothesis holds that juvenility serves to provide young individuals with a period in which to practice adult male-like sexual and socio-sexual behaviours and partner choice. Our cross-sectional focal data on mounting behaviour and partner choice in juvenile males (1\u20133 years) supported most of our predictions: (1) as they became older and learnt more effective patterns of sexual solicitations, juvenile males performed more demonstrative solicitations and less non-demonstrative solicitations, (2) the frequency of mounts performed by juvenile males increased with age and converged on a frequency of mounts typical of adult males, (3) the frequency of mounts reflecting underachievement (i.e., improperly oriented mounts and single/no foot-clasp mounts) decreased as juvenile males became older, (4) the double foot-clasp mounting posture became gradually more common in juvenile males over time, while other mounting postures became less common and (5) from two to three years old, the frequency of males\u2019 sexual mounts directed to adult females increased. Such timelines of gradual increase in the frequency of effective adult-like behavioural patterns and gradual decrease in the frequency of less effective immature behavioural patterns are consistent with the \u2018needing-to-learn hypothesis\u2019 emphasizing the role of age and practice in the progressive acquisition of adult-like sexual behaviour, mounting skills, and partner age choice during male juvenility.","affiliations":["University of Lethbridge"],"author":"No\u00eblle Gunst; Jean\u2010Baptiste Leca; Paul L. Vasey","cited_by":39,"cited_by_api_url":"","date":2013,"full_date":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","identifiers":{"doi":"10.1163/1568539x-00003088","pmcid":"","pmid":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003088"},"journal":"Behaviour","language":"en","message":"Document contains no extractable text","page":"1225-1254","source":"OpenAlex","title":"Development of sexual and socio-sexual behaviours in free-ranging juvenile male Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata","type":"article","volume":"150","word_count":"-954-249"},"participants":[],"populations":[],"prevalence":[],"processes":[],"reference_links":[],"sections":{"future_work":[],"limitations":[]},"species":[],"statistics":[],"structured_content":[],"structured_summary":{},"study_features":{"snapshot_conclusions":[],"snapshot_methods":[],"snapshot_results":[]},"summary":[],"unstructured_content":null}